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Drainage in Tunnel

Load the mind with new topic of tunnel engineering which is  Drainage of Tunnel                         BASICS ABOUT DRAINAGE IN TUNNEL In a tunnel water comes from shafts and portal which is being dug in order to achieve the alignment of tunnel, water which is being used during washing  holes of drill and progressing the tunnel during the time of construction,The water obtained from the first source cannot be easily determined and water obtained from the second cause requires analysis and investigation and can be prevented by RCC bulkhead. Exploding charge may open up a ground water source unexpectedly omitting large quantity of water into the tunnel. Such sudden shot of water give rise to conditions  An underground pocket or lake has been trapped. An underground flow with an inexhaustible source such as river or  lake has been trapped The progress of tunneling work and the maintenance o...
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METHOD OF TUNNELING IN SOFT ROCK

A Key article to learn " Method of Tunneling in Soft Rock " providing easy access to learn     Classification of  Method of tunneling in soft rock  1)Hard rock or fully self supporting 2)Soft soils  requiring temporary support during and after construction. Forepoling Method      Sequence of operation The shaft is sunk from surface to the grade level and properly protected with timber sheeting A wooden bent properly braced is setup a few inches from sheeting Small holes at close interval are drilled through the sheeting to facilitate section being cutout.The pattern of holes are 3 inches apart above the cap and other lines of holes below the cap A peice of sheeting is cutout along the top lines of the holes Forepoles or spiles consists of planks with wedge end are entered one at a time and driven through cut,into the ground for half their lengths with an upward inclination of 2 inch per foot. After all the roof and part of sid...
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How to Reduce Carbon dioxide from cement?

Get an overview to learn the Basics of properties of cement and know how the carbon dioxide is being removed                          ABSTRACT Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world because of its beauty, strength, and  durability, among other benefits. Concrete is used in nearly every type of construction, including  homes, buildings, roads, bridges, airports, and subways. And in an era of increased attention to the  environmental impact of construction, concrete performs well when compared to other building  materials. As with any building product, the production of concrete and its ingredients does require energy  that in turn results in the generation of carbon dioxide, or CO2. The amount of CO2 produced during  manufacturing and the net impact of using concrete as a building material is relatively small. The  following features of concrete construction help m...
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