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METHOD OF TUNNELING IN SOFT ROCK

A Key article to learn " Method of Tunneling in Soft Rock " providing easy access to learn     Classification of  Method of tunneling in soft rock  1)Hard rock or fully self supporting 2)Soft soils  requiring temporary support during and after construction. Forepoling Method      Sequence of operation The shaft is sunk from surface to the grade level and properly protected with timber sheeting A wooden bent properly braced is setup a few inches from sheeting Small holes at close interval are drilled through the sheeting to facilitate section being cutout.The pattern of holes are 3 inches apart above the cap and other lines of holes below the cap A peice of sheeting is cutout along the top lines of the holes Forepoles or spiles consists of planks with wedge end are entered one at a time and driven through cut,into the ground for half their lengths with an upward inclination of 2 inch per foot. After all the roof and part of sid...
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Drainage in Tunnel

Load the mind with new topic of tunnel engineering which is  Drainage of Tunnel                         BASICS ABOUT DRAINAGE IN TUNNEL In a tunnel water comes from shafts and portal which is being dug in order to achieve the alignment of tunnel, water which is being used during washing  holes of drill and progressing the tunnel during the time of construction,The water obtained from the first source cannot be easily determined and water obtained from the second cause requires analysis and investigation and can be prevented by RCC bulkhead. Exploding charge may open up a ground water source unexpectedly omitting large quantity of water into the tunnel. Such sudden shot of water give rise to conditions  An underground pocket or lake has been trapped. An underground flow with an inexhaustible source such as river or  lake has been trapped The progress of tunneling work and the maintenance o...
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Break Water in Harbor

!!Find your way to know the Harbor  basic concept like Breakwater which play a crucial role in that system!! Basic Definations Breakwater→ The protective barrier construct to enclosed harbors and to keep the harbor water undisturbed by effect of heavy and strong seas called Breakwater.It is mainly used for safe Anchorage for ships and also to facilitate loading of cargo Trestle→ They are lighter peir design to withstand vertical loads as principal forces.In location where trestle not subjected to earthquake forces and height above firm bottom is less than 8m batter pile are omitted.In shallower water trestles constructed by overhead method. Mole→ Inner side of break water is constructed for Quay for cargo handling and so known as Mole.Mole found economical than trestles when water depth less than 3m.In no case mole height exceed 8m.The top of mole should not be 4m to 5m more above low water Wall acting as a breakwater Classification of Breakwater:- Breakwater are mainly classified...
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