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METHOD OF TUNNELING IN SOFT ROCK

A Key article to learn " Method of Tunneling in Soft Rock " providing easy access to learn     Classification of  Method of tunneling in soft rock  1)Hard rock or fully self supporting 2)Soft soils  requiring temporary support during and after construction. Forepoling Method      Sequence of operation The shaft is sunk from surface to the grade level and properly protected with timber sheeting A wooden bent properly braced is setup a few inches from sheeting Small holes at close interval are drilled through the sheeting to facilitate section being cutout.The pattern of holes are 3 inches apart above the cap and other lines of holes below the cap A peice of sheeting is cutout along the top lines of the holes Forepoles or spiles consists of planks with wedge end are entered one at a time and driven through cut,into the ground for half their lengths with an upward inclination of 2 inch per foot. After all the roof and part of sid...

Entrance Locks

Entrance Locks of Harbors and Docks Entrance Locks are those which give access to docks Components of Entrance Locks 1) Chamber: which is enclosed by quays wall on each side and bottom is paved by inverted arch flooring which resists upward water pressure when lock level is low 2) The gates closing entrance constructed of wood or iron of heavy design to withstand water pressure 3) The sill is raised above the gate floor by 2 foot 4) Sluice way   provided in side walls for filling and emptying locks Dimensions of Entrance and Locks It main factor are width, size, and displacement of the longest vessels. Modern locks have width vary from 80 foot and above and depth 25 foot to 40 foot and length of 800 foot and over. Construction of Entrance and Locks Materials   generally used are: 1)Wood 2)Iron Wooden Gates It consists of a horizontal beam that is spaced closer at the bottom to resist water pressure and joined together by heel post in such a way that two extreme ends meet...

Drainage in Tunnel

Load the mind with new topic of tunnel engineering which is  Drainage of Tunnel                         BASICS ABOUT DRAINAGE IN TUNNEL In a tunnel water comes from shafts and portal which is being dug in order to achieve the alignment of tunnel, water which is being used during washing  holes of drill and progressing the tunnel during the time of construction,The water obtained from the first source cannot be easily determined and water obtained from the second cause requires analysis and investigation and can be prevented by RCC bulkhead. Exploding charge may open up a ground water source unexpectedly omitting large quantity of water into the tunnel. Such sudden shot of water give rise to conditions  An underground pocket or lake has been trapped. An underground flow with an inexhaustible source such as river or  lake has been trapped The progress of tunneling work and the maintenance o...