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Tunnel Engineering     

The work contains the alignment of the tunnel of the centre line on the surface and transfers it to the tunnel and good leveling work on the surface and inside the tunnel can be achieved.
1)First, a preliminary  location survey is done followed by very precise resurvey of line
2)As tunnel excavation is carried out from each end face as also from several intermediate shaft faces, minute accuracy in the survey of the centre line is essential
3)When a tunnel is short, ordinary engineer transit, properly handled gives close and satisfactory results
4)When the tunnel is very long it is very necessary to have a tunnel transit and is fitted with striding level by which transverse axis can be made truly horizontal
5)Leveling work is carried on in the standard way except for the fact, that where steep slopes are encountered extra care is taken
6) Horizontal distance is measured by 
  1. Stepping
  2. Inclined sights
  1. Percussion Drill:Machine which break rock into small peices by the impact of repeated blows 
  2. Abrasion Drill: In this bit rotate in hole
  3. Jack Hammer/Sinkers:Itis an air operated percussion drill type(reciprocate @ 2200 blows per minute) Weight - 20 to 25 kg
  4. Drifter – Similar to jack hammer but make hole bigger in size about 11.25cm in dia Wagon drill: Mounted on mast supported by two or more wheels
  5. Stopper:It is air operated percussion type drill,used for overhead drilling Churn drill : To make deep holes more than 15cm dia
  6. Shot drill: work on principle of abrasion upto 750mm dia hole can be drilled
  7. Diamond drill:used to obtain core samples
  8. Depth per bit:Depth of hole which can be drilled by bit before replacing Drilling rate:No. of metres of hole drilled per hour per drill
  9. Burden:Horizontal distance from face back to first row of drill hole
  10. Face : Vertical surface extending upward from floor of pit to level@which drilling is done
  11. Piston Drill/Quarry Master:Action similar to wagon drill.It strikes 200 blows per minute Drilling can be done upto 21m
  12. Mast hole drill:Self propelled drill.Used to drill hole on soft to medium rocks.used to drill upto 100m


 Topic Link
Method of tunneling in Soft rock Click here                    
Alignment of TunnelClick here
Classification of Tunnel
Click here
Method of Tunneling in Hard rockClick here
 Lightning and Ventilation in TunnelClick here
 Lining of TunnelClick here
Other Soft Rock Tunneling methodClick here
 Shafts and PortalClick here
 Drilling in TunnelClick here
 Blasting in Tunnel Click here
 Drainage of TunnelClick here            
 Question Set 1Click here
 Question Set 2 Click here
 Previous Year QuestionsClick here






















!!Here all the material are collected to get access to the particular without searching out for IT!!   


         

Tunnel Engineering     


 Topic Link
                         Method of tunneling in Soft rock                       Click here                    
Alignment of Tunnel  Click here
Classification of Tunnel
  Click here
Method of Tunneling in Hard rock  Click here
 Lightning and Ventilation in Tunnel  Click here
 Lining of Tunnel Click here
Other Soft Rock Tunneling method Click here
 Shafts and Portal Click here
 Drilling in Tunnel Click here
 Blasting in Tunnel Click here
 Drainage of Tunnel            
 Question Set 1 Click here
 Question Set 2 Click here
 Previous Year Questions 




























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